Pranab Kumar Mukherjee.
Pranab Kumar Mukherjee (December 11, 1935 - August 31, 2020) was an Indian politician. He served as the 13th President of India from 2012 to 2017. During his six decades of political career he was a senior leader in the Indian National Congress. He held several ministerial posts in the Central Government. Prior to his election as President, he served as Union Finance Minister from 2009 to 2012. Pranab Mukherjee has a special place in political circles irrespective of party affiliation. Political parties say he is unmatched as a genius and a crisis solver.
♦ He addressed the Congress in 1969 as the Bangla Congress Representative. The then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was shocked to hear that speech. Knowing that his father was a freedom fighter and had served in various capacities in the Congress party, she offered him the opportunity to become a member of the Rajya Sabha on behalf of the Congress within a year.
♦ He became a member of the Central Government in 1973 as one of the most loyal persons to Indira Gandhi. Like other Congress leaders in the Congress party, he was criticized for the atrocities of the controversial internal emergency of 1976-77. Mukherjee, who held several ministerial posts, ended his service as Finance Minister for the first time in 1982–84. Served as Leader of the Rajya Sabha in 1980–85.
♦ Pranab Mukherjee, who entered the Union Cabinet in 1973, is close to three generations of family leaders. During the Indira Gandhi regime, a light shone but during the Rajiv Gandhi regime, he left the party for a short time. After the assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984, he felt it was inappropriate to refer to Rajiv Gandhi as the Prime Minister of India who had no political experience. Mukherjee lost the battle for the PM's job. Rashtriya Samajwadi Party has formed its own party in the name of Congress. Back in 1989, he reconciled with Rajiv Gandhi and merged his party with the Congress. Pranab Mukherjee's pre-glory came in 1991 when PV Narasimha Rao became the Prime Minister with unpredictable political developments after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi.
♦ PV Narasimha Rao, who appointed Pranab Mukherjee as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission in 1991, took over the External Affairs Ministry in 1995. Pranab Mukherjee, who had earlier served as Industries Minister, has since served effectively in all key portfolios in the Cabinet. When the announcement of Sonia's political entry came out, some pointed out her foreignness, but Pranab sided with Sonia. As a senior Congress leader, he played a key role in becoming Sonia Gandhi's party president in 1998.
♦ That is why he was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 2004 when the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance came to power. He served as a key defense minister in the government. From then until he resigned in 2012 he was second in the Manmohan Singh government.
♦ He has held several key cabinet alliance positions. He served as Minister of Defense (2004–06), Minister of Foreign Affairs (2006–09), and Minister of Finance (2009–12). He also served as Leader of the Lok Sabha. In July 2012, the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) announced him as its presidential candidate. He won 70 per cent of the Electoral College votes in the presidential election and defeated his rival PA Sangma.
♦ In 2017, Mukherjee decided not to run again in the presidential election. He felt the need to retire from politics due to health issues as he got older. His term as President ended on July 25, 2017. He was succeeded by Ramnath Kovind.
Life stories
♦ Pranab Mukherjee was born on December 11, 1935 in Mirathi village in Birbhum district of West Bengal to a Bengali aristocratic Brahmin family. His father Kamada Kinkara Mukherjee was an active member of the Indian independence movement. His father was a member of the West Bengal Legislative Council from 1952 to 1964 on behalf of the Indian National Congress, A.I. C. C was a member. His mother was Rajyalakshmi Mukherjee.
♦ At that time he studied at Suri Vidyasagar College in Suri (Birbhum) affiliated to Calcutta University. Later in Political Science, an M.A. in History. Did. He holds an LLB degree from Calcutta University.
♦ He joined the Upper Divisional Clerk (U.D.C.) in 1963 in the office of the Deputy Accountant General (Post Office, Telegraph) in Calcutta. He later served as a lecturer in political science at Vidyanagar College. He was a journalist for Desher Dak magazine before entering politics.
Early political life
♦ In 1969, as part of the political campaign for the Midnapore by-election, independent candidate V.S. K. His political career began to take charge of the campaign in the dark menanku. The then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recognized his talent and placed him in the Indian National Congress party. He was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1969 in the Indian Parliament. He was subsequently elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1975, 1981, 1993 and 1999. Loyal to the Gandhi family, he described himself as "a man of all seasons". His political career accelerated in 1973 when he became the first Deputy Minister of Industrial Development in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet. He was active in the Cabinet during the controversial internal emergency of 1975–77.
♦ Mukherjee, along with the then ruling Congress politicians, was also accused of "violating the rules and regulations of traditional governance". The Congress party lost the subsequent 1977 general election. The newly formed Janata government appointed a Shah Commission to prosecute Mukherjee. However, in 1979 the commission itself was accused of "violating its jurisdiction". Mukherjee escaped unharmed. He later served as Finance Minister from 1982 to 1984.
♦ His work in improving the government economy was well recognized. This helped India to receive the first loan of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the final installment. As a finance minister he signed a document appointing Manmohan Singh as the Reserve Bank of India governor.
♦ In 1979, he became the Deputy Leader of the Congress Party in the Rajya Sabha. In 1980, he was elected Leader of the House.
♦ Pranab Mukherjee is considered a top tier cabinet minister. He rose to the level of presiding over cabinet meetings in the absence of the Prime Minister.
♦ Mukherjee addresses the 42nd Regional Conference of Chartered Accountants
♦ Mukherjee left the Congress party after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. Although Mukherjee had more experience in politics than Indira's son Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi held sway over the party. Mukherjee lost his seat in the cabinet. He was sent to manage the West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee. He considered himself the successor of Indira Gandhi. Mukherjee was expelled from the party for teaming up with Rajiv Gandhi's opponents in the party.
♦ In 1986, Mukherjee founded the Rashtriya Samajwadi Congress (RSC) in West Bengal. Three years later, the RSC merged with the Congress after an agreement was reached in negotiations with Rajiv Gandhi. R. The. The C Party emerged victorious in the 1987 elections in West Bengal.
♦ Many analysts have accused Mukherjee of being unpopular and therefore unable to fulfill his political aspirations as a great leader. Does he want to be prime minister later? To a question he replied that "7 Race Course Road is not always his destination".
♦ His political career was restored after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in 1991. The then Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao appointed him Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission of India. Then for the first time p. V. Narasimha Rao was the Minister of External Affairs in the Cabinet from 1995 to 1996.
♦ As a Gandhian loyalist, Mukherjee played a major role in Sonia Gandhi's entry into politics. Took over as her political mentor. He was the General Secretary of the AICC in 1998–99. Later, Sonia Gandhi was elected party president. He was the President of West Bengal until his resignation in 2010. He held a similar position in 1985.
♦ Mukherjee was the Leader of the Lok Sabha in 2004. He won the Jangipur Parliamentary constituency in West Bengal as a Congress candidate and was a Member of Parliament till 2009. There has been speculation that Mukherjee will be made the next Prime Minister of India in 2004 after Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly rejected the post of Prime Minister. However, Sonia Gandhi eventually appointed Manmohan Singh as Prime Minister.
♦ Mukherjee's name was shortlisted for the presidency in the 2007 presidential election. But his name was not proposed as there was a great need for him in practice in the central cabinet.
♦ Mukherjee held several key positions in the Manmohan Singh government. Managed key departments such as defense, finance, and foreign affairs. Mukherjee led the Congress Legislative Party, which consisted of Congress MPs and legislators. He enjoyed his services as Leader of the Lok Sabha and Chairman of the West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee.
♦ Elected as a candidate in the 2012 presidential election, he withdrew from active politics to stay away from active politics. Retired from the Indian National Congress. He resigned as finance minister and ran for president, the country's highest office on behalf of the ruling party. He became the 13th President on July 25, 2012.
Role in a political party
♦ Pranab Mukherjee was well respected in the party's social circles. He was a member of the Congress Party Working Committee on January 27, 1978. In the same year he joined the All India Congress Committee (AICC) as a member of the Central Parliamentary Board. In 1978, he served as treasurer of the AICC and Congress.
♦ In the 1984, 1996, and 1998 Indian general elections, A.I. C. C was appointed chairman of the campaign committee. From June 28, 1999 to 2012, A.I. C. C held the responsibilities of Chairman to the Central Coordination Committee. On December 12, 2001, he was appointed to the Central Election Commission. In 1998, he was appointed AICC General Secretary. In 1997, Mukherjee was named "Outstanding Parliamentarian" by the Indian Parliamentary Group.
♦ After Sonia Gandhi reluctantly agreed to join politics, Mukherjee became one of her advisers. Pranab Mukherjee told Sonia how Indira Gandhi would solve any problem and how to deal with any crisis. Thus he became Sonia's first political mentor. At the same time, he remained loyal to the party and Sonia. As a senior Congress leader, he played a key role in becoming Sonia Gandhi's party president in 1998. Demonstrated his talent during negotiations for a patent amendment bill in early 2005.
♦ The Congress party is committed to passing the IP bill, but their coalition United Progressive Alliance ally the Left is opposed to intellectual property monopolies. Pranab, as a defense minister, was not officially involved in the affair but worked hard to move the bill as a result of his negotiation skills. He maintained alliances with several old allies, including those like CPI-M leader Jyoti Basu, and formed a new mediation. He was able to persuade his colleague Kamala Nath that "imperfect law is better than what is not perfect". The bill was finally passed on March 23, 2005.
♦ The Foreign Ministers of the two countries signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (123) between India and the United States. Government sources said the deal would provide energy security to the country. Opposition groups called for the beleagured PM to resign, citing "grave wrongdoing on the part of the United States." In 2008, Manmohan Singh proposed a no-confidence motion and won the no-confidence motion. P. The agreement helped to protect the A II government.
♦ Mukherjee played a key role in leading the cabinet ahead of the Lok Sabha elections in 2008-09 when he went for by-pass surgery on Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. During this time he assumed additional responsibilities as Chairman of the Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs and Union Minister of Finance.
♦ He received the "Best Executive Officer" award in 2011.
Government offices
Minister of Defense
♦ In 2004, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Snyder visited the South Block building in New Delhi. Mukherjee along Rumsfeld.
♦ After the Congress government came to power in 2004, the Manmohan Singh government appointed Mukherjee as defense minister. He was in charge of the department until 2006. He expanded cooperation with the United States during his tenure. In June 2005, Mukherjee signed a 10-year Indo-US Defense Framework Agreement. Despite growing cooperation with the United States, Mukherjee maintained relations with Russia as India's 'top' defense partner.
♦ In October 2005, Russia launched its first joint anti-terrorist war with India in Rajasthan. Meanwhile, Mukherjee and Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov narrowly escaped when a heavy mortar fell a few meters from their platform.
Minister of Foreign Affairs
♦ In 2008, the U.S. Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee with President George W. Bush
♦ Mukherjee was appointed Minister of External Affairs in 1995. Under his leadership, he became a "full dialogue partner" for the Association of West Asian Nations as part of the "Look East Foreign Policy" launched by Prime Minister Narasimha Rao. He left the post in 1996.
♦ Mukherjee held the post for the second time in 2006. He signed the "US-India Civil Nuclear Agreement" with the United States Government. In August 2006, Manmohan Singh assured Parliament that the agreement would guarantee "full civilian nuclear cooperation" on all aspects of the full nuclear energy cycle, from nuclear fuel to reactors to used fuel. In fact, it is clear from the 123 agreement that no such guarantee of full nuclear cooperation is guaranteed. Instead, the United States, along with a group of nuclear suppliers, has banned the export of "enrichment and reprocessing" technology to India, despite full international protections. The denial of technology continues unabated. India has also failed to lift restrictions on sensitive high technology under the Defense Cooperation Agreement.
♦ He was instrumental in mobilizing world opinion on Pakistan after the 2008 Mumbai attacks.
Minister of Commerce
♦ Mukherjee has been the Commerce Minister of India three times. He first took charge in the Indira Gandhi government between 1980-82 and in 1984 for the second time. He held the post for the third time in 1990. He was instrumental in the negotiations that led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization.
Minister of Finance
♦ Pranab Mukherjee with US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Washington DC in 2011
♦ Pranab Mukherjee first served as the Finance Minister of India in 1982 in the Indira Gandhi government. He introduced the first annual budget in 1982-83.
♦ He worked hard to improve the financial assistance to the government and to successfully repay the last installment of the loan provided by India's first international monetary institution. He was signed by Manmohan Singh as Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in 1982. He has been accused of complicity in the Ambani-Wadia industrial feud. Pranab Mukherjee is credited with being the first reformer of the Indian economy. According to India Today, Mukherjee, under the leadership of PV Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh, started simplifying policies with then industrialist Charanjit Chanana in the 1980s. The left-wing magazine commented that "socialism did not grow out of Mukherjee's smoking."
♦ Mukherjee was removed from the Finance Ministry by Rajiv Gandhi in 1984. Rajiv Gandhi wanted to bring his own team to rule India. Despite being recognized as the best finance minister in the world by Euromoney magazine, he was fired.
♦ Mukherjee again took charge of the finance ministry during PV Narasimha Rao's tenure as prime minister. He was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. Since the Prime Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairperson of the Planning Commission of India, the position of Deputy Chairperson is of great importance. During his tenure as Finance Minister between 1991-96, Dr. Manmohan Singh carried out a number of economic reforms until the end of the license raj system. It has helped to expose the Indian economy.
♦ Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee addressed the Indian Economic Forum in New Delhi in 2009.
♦ Mukherjee was re-elected Finance Minister in 2009. He introduced the annual budgets for 2009. 2010,2011. He included the country's first clear goal of reducing public debt in proportion to GDP in the 2010–11 budget from 6.5% in 2008-09. Mukherjee has set a target of reducing the budget deficit to 4.1 per cent of GDP in the 2012-13 financial year.
♦ Mukherjee implemented several tax reforms. He abolished Fringe Benefits Tax and Commodities Transaction Tax. He enforced the Goods and Services Tax during his tenure. These reforms have been praised by leading corporate executives and economists. The introduction of recurring taxes by Mukherjee has been criticized by some economists.
♦ Indian Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee meets World Bank President Jim Young Kim at the Finance Ministry office in New Delhi in 2012
♦ Mukherjee has expanded funding for a number of social sector projects, including the "Jawaharlal National Urban Renewal Mission". He also helped increase the budget to improve literacy and health care.
♦ He expanded infrastructure programs such as the "National Highway Development Program". Electricity coverage also expanded during his tenure. Mukherjee declared that the expansion in government spending was temporary.
♦ In 2010, Mukherjee received the "Finance Minister of the Year for Asia" award from Prabhamba Bank, the International Monetary Fund's "Emerging Markets" magazine. "Because of his energy price reforms, economic transparency, and integrated growth strategies, he has been inspired by key stakeholders," he said. He was named "Minister of Finance of the Year" by The Banker.
♦ Mukherjee's last years in the finance ministry were not successful.
Other locations
♦ Prabab Mukherjee with Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Mohammad Ansari.
♦ Mukherjee is the Chairman of the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He was the Chairman and President of Rabindranath University and Nikhil Bharat Banga Sahitya Sammelan. He was a former trustee member of the Bhangia Sahitya Parishad. He served on the Asiatic Society Planning Board.
President of India
♦ On June 15, 2012, Mukherjee was nominated as the UPA's presidential candidate after several political maneuvers. The presidential election is scheduled for July 19, 2012, and the results will be announced on July 22, 2012. 81 other members contested the election and filed nominations. But all but the nomination of National Democratic Alliance (NDA) nominee PA Sangma were rejected. He resigned from his ministerial post on June 26, 2012 to be nominated on June 28. He received 713,763 votes in the election, while Sangma received 315,987 votes. He made the victory speech outside his residence before the results were officially released.
In that speech:
“I want to express my gratitude to all of you who are waiting. My vote count has crossed 7 lakhs. There is still one state left. The final result is to be issued by the Returning Officer of the Election. I thank the people of India for electing me to this highest office. People’s curiosity and friendly demeanor are great. I have received far more results than I can give from Parliament, from the people of this country. As President of the country, it is my responsibility to protect and defend the Constitution. I strive to justify the trust of the people. ”
♦ Mukherjee with leaders of Russia, China, South Africa, Vietnam and Egypt - May 9, 2015 on the occasion of Moscow Victory Day.
♦ Mukherjee was sworn in as the 13th President of India on July 25, 2012 by the then Chief Justice of India. He was the first person from the state of Bengal to hold this post. Congress President Sonia Gandhi and then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh congratulated him. Opposition leader Sharad Yadav said, "The country needs a president like Pranab Mukherjee." Commented. Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit Mukherjee has been described as "one of the wisest presidents". She was further surprised that parties in the opposition ranks supported Mukherjee. In this context, "the NDA split because it wanted Pranab Mukherjee to vote for president".
♦ The Bharatiya Janata Party was shocked to see its legislative members cross-voting. However, BJP president Nitin Gadkari congratulated Mukherjee. Nitin declared, "I extend my heartfelt congratulations to Pranab Mukherjee as the new President of India." Gatkari commented, "I am sure this country will be more developed and prosperous. I wish him success and a bright future."
♦ Zee News commented: "After four decades in public life, the Opposition has no arguments against Pranab Mukherjee after he was elected President by the UPA." Anna's team, however, made a fuss that he was in some corruption cases. Once Sonia Gandhi proposed his name, many allies and the Opposition came on stage. Presidential elections have also been ripped apart by the Left. The CPI (M) has shocked the CPM, which wants to play a bigger role in the Left. The CPI (M) has decided to support Pranab Mukherjee unilaterally while the CPI (M) National Committee has decided to remain neutral. The RSP also made a similar decision. JD (U) is an NDA partner. (U), Shiv Sena has declared support for Pranab Mukherjee, not Sangma.
♦ The Criminal Law (Amendment) Ordinance was promulgated by him on February 3, 2013. It amends the Sexual Offenses Laws of the Indian Penal Code, the Indian Evidence Act, the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. In July 2015, Pranab Mukherjee rejected 24 pardon petitions. Among them are the petitions of Yakub Memon, Ajmal Kasab and Afzal Guru. In January 2017 he announced that he would not be running in the 2017 presidential election. He said the decision was made due to old age and illness.
Personal life
♦ Pranab Mukherjee married Suvra Mukherjee on July 13, 1957. She hails from the Narail region of Bangladesh. She migrated to Kolkata when she was 10. The couple has two sons and a daughter. Suvra died of a heart attack on August 18, 2015 at the age of 74. He is inspired by Deng Xiaoping and quotes him very often. His hobbies are reading, gardening, music. His eldest son Abhijit Mukherjee is a Congress MP from Jangipur parliamentary constituency in West Bengal. The son contested and won the by-election to the position vacated by his father. Apart from being elected as a Member of Parliament, Abhijit is a Member of Parliament from Nalhati in Birbhum.
♦ Mukherjee's daughter Sharmishtha Mukherjee is a Kathak dancer and Indian National Congress politician.
♦ Mukherjee performs Durga Puja every year at his ancestral home in Mirathi village. To the Mirathi village every year for four days of rituals and worship.
Awards
♦ Mukherjee has received many accolades and honors:
National Awards
♦ IND Padma Vibhushan BAR.png: Padma Vibhushan Award in 2008.
♦ 2019: Bharat Ratna
Academic Honors
♦ Honorary Doctor of Letters degree in 2011 from Wolverhampton University in the United Kingdom.
♦ Visvesvaraya Technological University in March 2012, Honorary D.Sc. from the University of Assam. Lit.
♦ On March 4, 2013, at the University of Dhaka, the Hon'ble L.A. L. D.
♦ Doctor of Civil Law from the University of Mauritius on March 13, 2013.
♦ Honorary Doctorate from the University of Istanbul on October 5, 2013.
♦ Honorary Doctorate from Calcutta University on 28 November 2014.
♦ Honorary Doctorate in Political Science from the University of Jordan on October 11, 2015.
♦ Honorary Doctorate from Al-Quid University, Ramallah, Alstina on October 13, 2015.
♦ Honorary Doctorate from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel on October 15, 2015.
♦ Honorary Doctorate from the University of Kathmandu, Nepal on November 3, 2016.
♦ Honorary Doctorate from the University of Goa on 25 April 2017.
♦ D, Lit (Honors Casa) from Jadavpur University on December 24, 2017.
♦ D.Litt from 16th January 2018 from Chittagong University.
Other identities
♦ World's best finance minister (1984; based on a survey by Euromoney Magazine).
♦ Minister of Finance of the Year Asia; By the World Bank, IMF Market Daily).
♦ Minister of Finance of the Year (December 2010; by The Banker).
♦ Honorary Citizenship of the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire, Abidjan, June 15, 2016.
Positions held
♦ Pranab Mukherjee Chronological Positions:
♦ Industrial Development - Union Minister 1973–1974
♦ Shipping, Transport - Union Minister 1974
♦ Ministry of Finance: Minister of State 1974–1975
♦ Revenue, Banking: Union Minister 1975–1977
♦ Congress Party Treasurer 1978–79
♦ All India Congress Committee Treasurer 1978–79
♦ Leader of the Rajya Sabha 1980–85
♦ Minister of Commerce, Steel and Mines - Union Minister 1980–1982
♦ Ministry of Finance - Union Minister - 1982–1984
♦ International Monetary Fund Board of Governors - 1982–1985
♦ World Bank Board of Governors - 1982–1985
♦ 1984 as Union Minister for Commerce and Supply
♦ Chairman: Congress Eye Campaign Committee - Parliamentary National Elections in 1984, 1991, 1996, 1998.
♦ Chairman of Group of 24 (IMF, World Bank Ministries) 1984, 2009–2012
♦ President of the State Division of the Congress Party. 1985,2000–10
♦ AICC Chairman, Economic Advisory Cell, 1987–1989
♦ Deputy Chairman - Planning Commission 1991–1996
♦ Minister of Commerce - Union Minister 1993–1995
♦ Minister of External Affairs - Union Minister 1995–1996
♦ President of the SAARC Council of Ministers 1995
♦ A. I. C. C General Secretary 1998–1999
♦ Chairman of the Central Election Coordinating Committee - 1999–2012
♦ Leader of the Lok Sabha - 2004–2012
♦ Ministry of Defense - Union Minister 2004–2006
♦ Minister of External Affairs - Union Minister 2006–2009
♦ Finance Minister: Union Minister 2009–2012
♦ President of India - 25 July 2012 - 25 July 2017.
Works
♦ Mid term poll.
♦ Beyond Survival: Emerging Dimensions of the Indian Economy - 1984.
♦ Off the track - 1987.
♦ Saga of Struggle and Sacrifice - 1992.
♦ Challenges Before the Nation - 1992.
♦ "A Centenary History of the Indian National Congress - Volume V: 1964–1984" - 2011.
♦ "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation" 2 011.
♦ "Thoughts and Reflections" - 2014.
♦ The Dramatic Decade: The Indira Gandhi Years - 2014.
♦ "Selected Speeches - Pranab Mukherjee" - 2015.
♦ "The Turbulent Years: 1980–1996" - 2016.
♦ "The Collision Years".
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