Vizianagaram is a city in the Vizianagaram district in the south-eastern part of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vizianagaram district was formed on June 1, 1979 and some areas were excavated from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. It is currently the largest municipality in Andhra Pradesh. It is 52 km from Visakhapatnam and 18 km from the Bay of Bengal.
One becomes feeling when one sees the proud and undestroyed castles of antiquity. The land inhabited by zealous kings and passionate poets and writers is not a stone, it is everywhere.’ Ipso facto’ This is a diamond, it is very rare. While India is a land of precious stones, the district of such gems that fell on Indian soil is the’ city of knowledge’.
It is one of the northern governments of coastal Andhra Pradesh with 34 revenue constituencies, 12 towns, 1551 villages and a population of 22,45,103. Many celebrities have added new aspects of fame to the city of knowledge. Many celebrities have added new aspects of fame to the city of knowledge.
In 1979 it won a separate state. Raja Sahib Dr. PVG Claiming a socialist zeal and attitude of religious tolerance from his ancestor, the king left his landlord without compensation, and their fort now fully fortified is one of the oldest colleges in India (Maharaja College 1879). Social reformer Sri “Gurajada apparao”, poet Sri Adibhatla Narayana Das, great wrestler Kodi Rema Murthy, gin hatma poet Sri Devulappally Krishna Sastri are associated with the college in some form. Prominent musicians include Dwaram Venkata Swami Naidu, Saluri Rajeshwara Rao, the late R.P. Divine singers Gantasala and Suhila, proud students of Maharaja College of Music, gave vague grace to the art of singing.
‘Ramatirthalu’ is 12 km from Vizianagaram. Archaeological excavations and excavations at various places are unique in that they represent the three religions of Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Jain relics can be seen on the three hills of Ramikirtha, Bodikonda, Gurubhakta Konda and Durga Konda. It is home to the Hinayana and Mahayana schools of Buddhism. Monuments, seals, teapots, stupas and monastic cells were found on the site. In modern times, ‘Ramatirthalu’ is famous as the abode of the exiled Ram.
Geographical profile
General Physical Aspects ::
On May 15, 1979, according to the G.O.Ms.No.700 / Revenue (U) section, on August 1, 1979, the Vizianagaram headquarters was formed as the 23rd district in the state. Engraved parts from Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam districts. The district is part of the northern coastal region of Andhra Pradesh and lies between 17o -15 '' and 19o -15 'north latitude and 83o - 0' and 83O - 45 'east longitude.
East Srikakulam District, West and South Visakhapatnam District, Southeastern Bay of Bengal and Northwest Orissa. The district is made up of 9 talukas from Visakhapatnam district, Vizianagaram, Gajapathinagaram, Shrungavarapukota, Bhogapuram talukas and Bobili, Parvathipuram, Salur, Kurupam and Cheepurupalli in Srikakulam district.
In December 1979, Nellimarla, Viyampeta and Badangi were formed and 3 more talukas were added. Vizianagaram, Shrugavarapukota and Bobili talukas are divided into 12 talukas and 52 talukas respectively. For administrative convenience, the district is divided into 2 revenue divisions namely Vizianagaram and Parvathipuram. In May 1985, talukas and firkas were transferred and 34 revenue constituencies were allotted in the district.
Hills ::
The district can be divided into two distinct natural and physical divisions, namely plains and hilly areas. The hilly areas are mostly covered with dense forest, which are under the District Agency brochure. Since it is a hilly area, its height is also uneven.
The plains areas of the district are well cultivated. Areas to be transfarred from Visakhapatnam district are mostly hilly and scenic, especially in the north. The agency pamphlet focuses on the hilly areas of the eastern stages, running parallel to the coast from north-east to south-west. The average elevation of these hills is 914 meters, but there are several peaks at an altitude of 1219 meters.
Shankara is the highest peak in the Srugavarapukota constituency at an elevation of 1615 mts. Areas transferred from Srikakulam district include hilly areas, parts of East Parvathipuram and Saluru talukas, also known as agency pamphlets. Dumakonda, Antikonda, Palakonda, Kodagandi and Gamatikanda are the main hills. All these individual ranges are part of the eastern stage.
These ranges with distinct hills are northwest-southeast. The hills in the Parvathipuram division are lower than elsewhere, steep without ridges and hedges, rough ridges, very broad and almost parallel.
Rivers ::
The rivers Nagavali, Gostani, Svarna mukhi, Champavati, Vegavati and Gomukhi flow through the plains and hills. The following is a brief description of these rivers:
Nagavali
Nagavali is known as Langulya, is a major river in the lower reaches. It originates in the steep hills of Raigad taluka in Orissa. It passes through Komarada, Giammavalasa and Garugubilli constituencies and enters Srikakulam district, eventually landing from Bengal Bay at Mofusbandar near Srikakulam. Its total length is 200 km and 112 km in Vizianagaram district.
The total flow area of the river is 8,964 sq km. K.M. The annual flow of this river is about 1.21 million hectares. The main tributaries of the river are Vegavati, Suvarnamukhi, Janjawati and Vottigedda.
Gostani
The river originates in the Ananthagiri forest at Srugavarapukota, a few kilometers away from the famous’ Bora Caves’. According to a local tradition, there is a deep cow idol in the caves and the water comes from the udder of this cow and falls on the Shivalingam and flows in the form of a river.
It is also known as the Gostani River as it is said to start from a cow udder. A stream from the west joins the Gostani River near the Bora Caves, which is a hilly stream. Jami enters Visakhapatnam district after passing through the constituency.
Suvarnamukhi
The river originates in the Saluru Hills and flows eastwards and eventually joins the Nagavali River in the Palakonda constituency of Srikakulam district. It mostly flows in the Bobbili area.
Rapidly
It originates from the ‘Pachipenta’ hills in the Pachipenta constituency and flows in the same direction, parallel to the ‘Suvarnamukhi’ and finally joins the Nagavali river.
Gomukhi
The Gomukhi River originates in the Eastern Ghats and flows northwest of ‘Saluru’. After working in a few villages, it meets’ Suvarnamukhi’.
Champawati
The river originates in the eastern part of Srikakulam district. It enters Vizianagaram constituency after flowing through Salur area. The river eventually flows into the Gulf of Mangal in Konada village in “Pusapatirega” constituency of the district.
Flora ::
The rainfall and climate in the district during the monsoon season is tropical. Forest show various local changes in quality, structure and density depending on soil moisture, climate, altitude, slope and distance from the sea. Shaltered from the sea are high places, high ridges and valleys bordering the state.
These forests range from serophytic in arid and habitable conditions to high-humidity serophytic and mesophytic species in the highlands, in cold climates and in good soils in valleys. Floristic variations in forest quality and density range from 6 mts in poor areas to more than 20 mts in best areas. Densities vary from the vast concentrations found in the interior to the outlying areas.
Spinifex squareos (Ravanasurunimis), Pandanus odoratisimus (Mogali), Dodonia viscosa (Bandaru), Carisa Karandas (Kalimi), Randia dumetoram (Manga). , Terminia chebula (Karakai), Bridelia retusa (Koramadi). Jilia Silo Carpa (Kontatangedu). Gmelina arboria (pumpkin), Adina cordifolia (Port), Termindia tomantosa (good mud), Dendrocalmus strictus (bamboo), Pongamia globra (found), Garuga pinnata (Garuga), Shoria robustum (Sal).
Forest area in the district:
Deciduous forests in southern tropical wetlands
Northern tropical dry deciduous forests - Sal type
Southern tropical dry - mixed deciduous forests
Dry deciduous green forests; And 5. Dry evergreen forests.
Fauna ::
The district fauna is abundant in the interior hilly areas, but it is endangered. Habitat shrinkage and uncontrolled poaching are the main reasons for the decline. Yellow bats, sloth bears, wild buffaloes, foxes, hair hyenas, foxes, mongooses, blue rock birds, house crows, sparrows, common mines, etc. are promising as a result of the enactment of the 1972 Wildlife Conservation Act.
Weather ::
The climate of the district is high humidity, suppressed summers and good weather throughout the year. Summer is from March to mid-June. Southwest monsoons last until the second week of October. Monsoon or monsoon recession from mid-October to late November.
The weather is generally good from December to February. The hilly climate of the district is different from that of the plains. They are cooler than the plains because of the high rainfall in the hilly areas. The maximum temperature is the lowest in May and December.
Temperature ::
In the interior lowlands of the district, the summer temperature is 2 to 3 degrees higher than the coastal area. On hilly tracks, coastal temperatures can be as high as two degrees or less depending on altitude. Temperatures rise rapidly from mid-February to May, which is the hottest month, with an average daily maximum temperature of 35oC and an average minimum of 27oC. The climate is very oppressive in humid coastal areas.
Afternoon thunder and sea breezes provide some relief from the coastal heat. Daytime temperatures drop by two degrees by mid-June, when the southwest monsoon begins. But at night the temperature drops. After the southwest monsoon subsides, in early October, temperatures begin to gradually drop.
The coldest months in December and January are 28 degrees Celsius and the average daily average is 18 degrees Celsius. In good weather, night temperatures can sometimes drop as high as 11 degrees Celsius.
Soil ::
The main soils in the district are red clay, sandy loam. These make up 96% of the total area. The soil in the district is mainly of medium fertility. In the case of wet land, clay soils are mostly red loam soils. In some places the soil is 4 meters thick. The cover of the thick soil represents the olive` in the valleys. There are many types of rocks in the district.
Water Resources Projects ::
Nagavali, Vegavati, Gomukhi, Suvarnamukhi, Champapati and Gostani are the major rivers flowing in the district. The 43 irrigation schemes in the district are Thattipudi Reservoir, Vegavathi Project, Vattigedda Project, Nagavali Right, Left Channels, Pedankalam Anikat, Sithanagaram Anikat, Dengada Anikat, Paradi Anikat, Surapad Anikat, Venkalarayarasagar Project and Venkalarasagar Project.
Nagavali is a major river in Vizianagaram district covering an area of 2,832 hectares and flowing for about 112 km. The Gostani River originates in the Ananthagiri forest and flows through S. Kota and Jami constituencies. The Suvarnamukhi River originates in the hills of Salur constituency and joins the Easter direction at Sangam village in Nagavali. Ayakut on 2,428 hectares.
Agricultural Resources ::
Vizianagaram district is mainly an agricultural district as 68.4% of the workers are engaged in agriculture. 82% of the district's population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Rainfed agriculture is a feature of the agricultural sector in the district as 80% of its area is cultivated only during monsoon season.
The rest of the area, also known as the irrigation area, also depends on the rainfall in the district. Due to unsafe irrigation conditions in the district, most of the crops grown are dry crops. Paddy is an irrigated condition Most of the crops in the district have dried up.
Paddy is grown mainly during the ‘kharif’ season and 80% of its area is under tank fed conditions depending on local rainfall. The major crops grown in the district are” paddy, copper, bajra, sugarcane, pulses, mesta, cotton, maize, coriander, seasonal tobacco and groundnut”. The average yield in the district is low due to normal rainfall in the district.
Livestock Sources ::
Live stock maintained by residents is largely unexplained and low productivity. Cross-breeding program was carried out in the district. The sheep in the district are non-script breeds and the pigs are Zen breeds.
According to the 2007 Livestock Census, the livestock population is 13.70 million, of which 4.91 lakh are cattle, 2.59 lakh are buffaloes and 3.88 lakh are sheep. The poultry population in the district is 19.65 lakhs. As on 31.3.2003, there are 150 veterinary institutes functioning in the district including hospitals.
Forest ::
The total forest area of the district is “1,11,978” hectares, which is 17.8% of the total geographical area of the district. Large-scale cultivation of cashew, timber, bamboo, beedi leaves and fuel plantations is required to increase forest resources and provide lucrative employment to the tribals.
Seafood ::
The district has 8 major villages and 16 hamlets with a coastline of 28 km. By contrast, there are 6,993 fishermen in Bhogapuram constituency. Up to 80.47 acres of available salt water is used for salt cultivation. It is possible to install one or two iodized salt units.” The catch of marine fish is 1834 metric tons per year”.
Minerals ::
Cheepurupalli, Merakamudidam, Garividi constituencies, Concrete, Limestone Manganese, Narangar Concrete High quality manganese, Garividi, Merakamudidam constituencies, Quartz in Cheepurupalli constituency, Granite (column) in Parvathipuram.
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